7/1/2023 0 Comments Psychological processes.![]() ![]() Expressions relating to the expression of hope and adaptation lie at the centre of the model. The model reflects a well-established framework of adaptation that considers two broad outcomes including a coping or succumbing response to the illness experience. Indeed a recent psychological model developed from a qualitative synthesis of research has been able to identify a process of psychological adaptation and hope enablement for patients with motor neurone disease. Recent evidence from other chronic and palliative conditions has demonstrated how concepts such as coping, adaptation and hope can be understood through reviewing qualitative studies based on patient’s experience of illness. Such quantitative studies are valuable in identifying the strength and direction of relationship between psychological concepts but less able to consider the processes involved, the different ways that the concepts may be defined, or have the ability to be theory generating through the process of synthesis. Evidence to support such conclusions is generated from quantitative studies that utilise specific inventories. For instance, patient’s perceptions of control over their life or, those patients who are able to positively reappraise their own situation can experience better adjustment. ĭespite the negative impact of the illness, it is possible for patients to positively influence their mental well- being. Indeed, in patients with MS, psychological constructs are considered a better predictor of adjustment than illness related factors, for instance remission status or the severity of symptoms. Thus, there is evidence that MS has a severe and negative impact on a patient’s quality of life and mental well-being 1. This evidence suggests that emotions are likely associated with adjustment, hope and the ability to cope. For instance, the perceived ability to cope and experience of depression are negatively associated with quality of life for patients with MS. ![]() This, in turn, is likely to have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Perceptions of stress, fear, and uncertainty exert a negative impact on a patient’s meaningful activities (work, social activities) and interactions. Patients with MS experience periods of anxiety, fear and uncertainty, which can lead to hopelessness, depression and feelings of abandonment. For instance, in the UK, half yearly costs for patients with MS have been estimated as £8397, these figures are similar to other westernised countries, for instance annual costs in the US are $30,601 per patient. MS is costly for society and the patients, their carers and families. MS is reported to have a considerable impact on an individual’s quality of life, ability to continue life roles, the ability to work and/or undertake leisure activities. MS has a higher incidence in women than men, with a peak onset between the ages of 40 - 50 years. Approximately 2.1 million people in the world are affected, within the United Kingdom this represents around 0.3% of the population. It is characterised by an unpredictable course, but often leads to substantial disability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the brain and spinal cord which is typically defined within different descriptors that identify the state and course of the illness. Received 11 January 2016 accepted 22 February 2016 published 25 February 2016 Discussion and clinical implications are provided. Clinicians and researchers also need to be aware of the important psychological needs of patients during interactions. Conclusion: Simple processes of adaptation for people with MS can be considered by clinicians and utilised to promote mental well-being in patients. ![]() A model of emotion, hope, and adjustment was identified. ![]() The synthesis was able to identify a primary response of psychological adaptation as well as distinct coping strategies. The critical appraisal of research illustrated that the design of the studies and the reference to reflexivity in studies were not well considered. Results: A total of 47 studies were included in this review, this included 1146 (812 females, 265 males, and 69 unknown) unique patients with MS (aggregated mean age: 49.3 years, aggregated time with illness: 12.3 years ). Methods: A thematic synthesis was undertaken within 3 phases: systematic search for literature, critical appraisal of included studies and synthesis of research. Purpose: The purpose of the current research was to review the lived experiences of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in order to extrapolate the psychological process of adaptation. ![]()
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